Michael Friberg John Kane was on a hell of a winning streak. On July 3, 2009, he walked alone into the high-limit room at the Silverton Casino in Las Vegas and sat down at a video poker machine.

Two gamblers who took advantage of a software bug to win a small fortune from casino video poker machines will enjoy Thanksgiving without the threat of federal prison hovering over them like a carving knife. A federal judge in Las Vegas this morning dismissed federal charges against the men, ending a nearly two-year-long legal battle over when beating the house becomes a crime.

On the IGT video poker machines I play in Atlantic City, they used to deal you 10 cards, five you could see and five cards behind them (I've heard them called shadow cards). Now they deal you five cards on the initial hand, and the next five are continuously being shuffled by the RNG. Hacking a Video Poker Machine. Kevin Poulsen has written an interesting story about two people who successfully exploited a bug in a popular video poker machine. Tags: gambling, games, hacking, hardware. Posted on October 17, 2014 at 6:35 AM. 14 Comments. Poker Championship - Holdem hack hints guides reviews promo codes easter eggs and more for android application. Poker Championship - Holdem cheats tips and tricks added by pro players, testers and other users like you. Ask a question or add answers, watch video tutorials & submit own opinion about this game/app. Oct 17, 2014  Hacking a Video Poker Machine. Kevin Poulsen has written an interesting story about two people who successfully exploited a bug in a popular video poker machine. Tags: gambling, games, hacking, hardware. Posted on October 17, 2014 at 6:35 AM. 14 Comments.

Fairness & Legitimacy of the RNG. The complicated and efficient mechanism of the RNG is not the only thing that makes it reliable and fair. All of the casinos are required to monitor every single video poker machine that contains such a device on a regular basis to make sure it operates properly. But on a video poker game, you know what the odds of getting a particular card are—1 in 52. You also know the odds of getting a card of a particular suit—1 in 4. The random number generator on a VP machine is programmed to use the same probabilities as a deck of playing cards.

John Kane, now 55, was arrested in July 2009 at the Silverton Casino Lodge after the casino noticed suspicious play on one of their video poker machines. An avid gambler, according to his attorney, it turned out Kane had discovered a firmware bug in IGT's Game King machine that allowed him to effectively play back a prior winning hand at ten times the original value; he'd been using it to rake in winnings from casinos all around Las Vegas.

You might also like:Finding a Video Poker Bug Made These Guys Rich—Then Vegas Made Them PayFBI Pays Visit to Researcher Who Revealed Yahoo HackUse a Software Bug to Win Video Poker? That’s a Federal Hacking CaseKane's friend and codefendant, 42-year-old Andre Nestor, was arrested in Pennsylvania for allegedly using the bug at a casino there to the tune of $400,000 in winnings.

In January 2011, federal prosecutors in Las Vegas charged the men with computer fraud and wire fraud, arguing that the complex sequence of button presses needed to activate the bug made it a form of hacking. But defense lawyers argued that Kane and Nestor only played by the rules imposed by the machine. Last May after losing a pre-trial argument over the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act's applicability, prosecutors dropped the hacking charge, but continued pressing the wire fraud case.

In a court filing Friday, the government finally conceded it may have overplayed its hand.

'[T]he government has evaluated the evidence and circumstances surrounding [the case], and determined that in the interest of justice it should not go forward,' wrote Assistant U.S. Attorney Daniel Schiess, who inherited the case from another prosecutor earlier this year.

U.S. District Judge Miranda Du approved the government's motion to dismiss this morning, and closed the case.

Schiess did not immediately return a phone call today. In an interview earlier this year, Kane’s attorney, Andrew Leavitt, predicted that the government would have a hard time making a fraud case out his client's lucky streak.

“What you see in most gambling cheating cases is the guy’s got a magnet in his boot or he’s shocking the machine with static electricity.” said Leavitt. “All these guys did is simply push a sequence of buttons that they were legally entitled to push.”

“These guys kind of kept it a secret,' Leavitt said. 'If this had got out… this would have been a bad thing for the casinos.”

The Random Number Generator (RNG) is the brains of the slot machine. While most players know that there is a computer chip picking the numbers, they do not fully understand how it works and this can lead to some of the many myths and misconceptions about a slot machine. One of the most common myths is that a machine has a cycle that can let a player know when it is due to hit. Many “Snake Oil Salesmen” will try to sell you a system for doing just that. Save your money — it can’t be done.

The RNG Program

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Inside the slot machine is a microprocessor similar to the one in your home computer. Instead of running Word or Excel, it runs a special program, the RNG, that generates numbers to correspond to the symbols on the reel of the slot machine.

You might say that the RNG is in perpetual motion. As long as there is power to the machine it is constantly selecting random numbers every millisecond. The RNG generates a value between 0 and 4 billion (approx number) which is then translated into a specific set of numbers to correspond to the symbols on the reels. The outcome of each spin is determined by the number selected by the RNG. This number is chosen when you hit the spin button or deposit a coin.

The RNG uses a formula known as an algorithm which is a series of instructions for generating the numbers. The scope of this is beyond most of our mathematical knowledge but can be checked for accuracy. This is done by the Casino Control Board and other testing laboratories to make sure that the program performs as it should so the player will not be cheated.

Principles of the Random Number Generator

Here is a more simplified explanation that's easier to relate to. Although this is not precisely how the RNG operates, it should give you a basic understanding of the principles of how the winning spins are determined.

Reel Type Slot Machines

Reel type slot machines have a number of spaces on each reel that contain a symbol or blank. These are referred to as the physical stops. Most of the old mechanical machines had reels that could hold 20 symbols while the modern slots have reels with 22 physical stops. The ​microprocessing technology allows the new machines to be able to accommodate a large number of “Virtual stops” which I will explain in a future article.

For this example, let’s simplify things and imagine that there are only 10 stops on each reel. With 10 stops there can be 1,000 different combinations. We get this number by multiplying the number of symbols on each reel. (10 x 10 x 10 = 1,000) The 1,000 combinations that can be attained are known as a cycle, and this is the word that sometimes confuses a player into thinking that the machine has cycles of winning and losing.

The odds of a three number combination being picked are one in a thousand. Theoretically, if you play 1,000 spins you should see each of these number combinations once. However, we all know that this is not the case. If you played a million spins you would see that the numbers would even out to be closer to the actual probability. This is similar to flipping a coin 100 times. Although the odds are 50 -50 you are unlikely to see 50 heads and 50 tails after 100 spins.

The Daily Pick 3 Lottery

Many of you have seen the Daily Pick 3 lottery drawing. They have three glass bowls or drums each containing ten balls numbered 0 -9. The balls are mixed up and when the top is lifted a ball pops up the tube showing you the first number. This is repeated for the second and third number to give you a three-digit winning combination.

To use this as an example of the operation of the slot machine, we will replace the numbers 0-9 on the balls with slot symbols. In each bowl, we will have one ball with the jackpot symbol on it. Two balls with a Bar, three balls with a cherry and four balls which are blank. Imagine the RNG in the slot machine as the person drawing the winning combination.

Here is the breakdown of the number of times out of a thousand that the winning combination made.

• 3 Jackpot 1 (1x1x1)
• 3 Bars 8 (2x2x2)
• 3 Cherries 27 (3x3x3)
• Total Wins 37

The 963 losing combinations consist of:

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• 3 blanks
• 2 blanks and a symbol
• 1 blank and two different symbols
• 3 mixed symbols

The RNG picks these combinations of numbers thousands of times each second. Now imagine a string of blinking lights where only one bulb can be lit at a time. The electrical current is zipping from bulb to bulb down the string. When you push a button the current stops moving and the bulb in that position lights up. In this example, the light represents the three digit number just picked by the RNG. If you hesitated a second before pushing the button the results would be different. This is the same as you getting up from a machine and seeing someone else sit down and hit the jackpot. The chances are astronomical that you would have hit the spin button at the exact same millisecond.